Chunze Li
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I hold a Master of Science from the University of Pennsylvania, where I specialized in robotic fabrication and automated systems, and a Bachelor of Architecture from Harbin Institute of Technology. Currently, I work as a Lab Engineer at Tsinghua University Shenzhen International Graduate School, supporting research and teaching in digital technologies, fabrication, and experimental prototyping. Alongside academia, I have industry experience as a Product Director, leading the development of intelligent hardware systems that integrate mechanical design, control systems, and manufacturing workflows.
My research interests include computational design, robotic and large-scale fabrication, bio-based and hybrid material systems, active and adaptive structures, and the relationship between design computation and physical making. I am particularly interested in research that bridges theory and full-scale prototyping, emphasizing material behavior, fabrication logic, and construction intelligence.
I am currently seeking PhD or Research Assistant (RA) opportunities for Fall 2026, especially in research groups working on robotics, digital manufacturing, bio-inspired materials, or experimental construction systems. I am open to interdisciplinary environments and collaborations across architecture, engineering, material science, and computer science.
Tsinghua iFHH Fab Lab (ongoing)
Tsinghua work 2024.1-present
Site: Shenzhen, China
This is a long-term project. I need to establish my own office, maintain long-neglected equipment, and establish laboratory operating procedures. Currently, the laboratory construction and equipment procurement are basically complete, and we are now working on establishing and maintaining the operating procedures.
Digital Documentation of Cha Kwo Ling Village (ongoing)
Tsinghua research work 2025.9-present
Site: Cha Kwo Ling Village, Hong Kong, China
Collaborators: Johnny Wong
This workshop focuses on the digital preservation and study of one of Hong Kong's last informal settlements, Cha Kwo Ling Village. Using industry-standard Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodologies, we will collaboratively construct a detailed digital model of this unique community and graphical representation. This is more than a technical exercise; it is an act of documenting a significant part of urban history and exploring the future of human habitats.
SimBio-Wall
Symbiotically Living Architectural System for Stronger Circular Built Environment
University of Pennsylvania coursework 2022.9-11
Collaborators: Ji Yoon Bae, Chunze Li, Xinlin Lu, Tinghui Mo
1. INTRODUCTION
Fungi has gained architects’ attention as a sustainable building material. The fungi-based materials are biodegradable at the end of the life cycle. In this regard, mycelium has been implemented in the field of architecture across the scale. Hy-Fi, designed by The Living, is an early example of fungi-based architectural installation that illustrates circular material life cycle (Benjamin, 2014). Another research, Mycotree, done by Block Group at ETH Zurich tackled the structural performance of the mycelium built pavilion by developing the load-bearing spatial branching structure (Heisel et al., 2017). While both precedents opened up the possibility of mycelium as a construction material, the material opportunities were only limited to the biodegradable characteristic and structural investigation.
Mycelium is a living matter. Environmental advantages of this living material are eliminated once it’s baked to stop growing and to be used for construction. In this matter, the research starts with the question about how we might utilize the mycelium as a living construction material that creates a stronger circular built environment. To tackle this hypothesis, the research team looked at the symbiotic behavior of fungi with plants. Mycorrhizae, the symbiotic association between fungi and plants, is a renowned sustainable planting strategy for providing vegetation with nutrients and maintaining good soil health (Bianciotto et al., 1996). These mutualistic dynamics have been deeply studied in plant biology while focusing on their interactions between a fungus and a plant, which exchanges water and mineral nutrients with carbohydrates. While living architecture has become one of the popular approaches for sustainable design, this symbiotic behavior has not been explored in the architectural research. Therefore, this research aims to develop a mycorrhizae informed living architectural system that performs as a fully biodegradable building component. Moreover, these symbiotic architectural components are expected to mutually interact not only within a building component itself but also with the surrounding environment.
2. METHODOLOGY
The research builds upon the previous investigation that explores a growing behavior of mycelium within the 3d-printed unfired clay shell to make a fully biodegradable and recyclable circular life cycle. This preliminary research phase revealed the stable growing process of mycelium onto the unfired clay surface. The current progress mainly focuses on developing the research pipeline of symbiotically living architectural components that interact with the surrounding environment. Fungi and plants exchange benefits with each other. Fungi provide plants with minerals and water while absorbing carbohydrates created by plants’ photosynthesis. This circular nutrient flow allows plants to grow stronger without use of chemical fertilizer. The research intends to implement this biological process into the field of architecture by developing the symbiotically living wall systems coupling with robotic clay deposition. The 3d-printed clay shell provides a system with better structural benefits and geometric freedom compared to the current state of the arts. The system allows mycelium to keep growing onto the clay shell surface and to perform as a bio-adhesive. The plants react to the surrounding environment by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen back to the atmosphere.
To elaborate this biology-informed architectural system, the research team plans to investigate the following:
1) The customized substrate recipes, coco coir, vermiculite and gypsum (CVG), are tested to find an optimized condition for mycorrhizal growth;
2) Non standard geometries of clay shell are designed and fabricated by leveraging generative design process and robotic clay deposition. The geometries and its surfaces are mainly informed by the both computational and physical tests, which aims to validate its structural stability from geometry itself and mycelium bonding process;
3) SimBio-Wall, the full scale wall prototype, will be constructed to prove its architectural applicability;
4) The proposed system will be evaluated by the metrics such as structural stability, life cycle assessment, and environmental performances under the certain geographical and climatic constraints.
3. RESULTS
Recently, mycelium has been utilized as a biodegradable construction material. Mycelium-based products disintegrate spontaneously once they have completed their intended product life cycle. Mycelium composites, which are manufactured by growing mycelium on agricultural waste, might produce low-cost and greener building materials, potentially reducing the construction industry's reliance on fossil fuel-based products. In terms of its properties and development potential, the process of Mycelium composites being a kind of greener building material is refining. By taking these potentials of mycelium as a construction material, the research intends to fortify benefits and overcome the limited material opportunity. Most mycorrhizae are mutualistic, which means that the fungus gives the plant soil resources in return for photosynthates. This new understanding is now used in agricultural practices. We focus on arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizae (EM), the most common types. Based on the above-mentioned theoretical support, transitioning back to thinking about applications in the architecture field. Some of the constructed successful cases are mainly centered around mycelium brick. The research team considered figuring out a biodegradable symbiotic living wall and forming a stronger circular built environment.
4. IMPACT
SimBio-Wall is a living architectural system that couples symbiotically living bio-materials with digital fabrication technologies. Built upon the current utilization of mycelium as a biodegradable building material, the mycorrhizal based living wall system further allows mycelium and vegetation to environmentally perform as a part of the built environment. By creating a closed loop of symbiotic ecosystem within the architectural component, the system responds to the outdoor environment in the appropriate climatic context.
References
Heisel, Felix, Karsten Schlesier, Juney Lee, Matthias Rippmann, Nazanin Saeidi, Alireza Javadian, Dirk Hebel, Philippe Block. 2017. “Design of a load-bearing mycelium structure through informed structural engineering: The MycoTree at the 2017 Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism.”, in Proceedings of the World Congress on Sustainable Technologies (WCST).
Bianchitto, Valeria, Claudio Bandi, Daniela Minerdi, Massimo Sironi, Hans Volker Tichy, Paola Bonfante. 1996. “An Obligately Endosymbiotic Mycorrhizal Fungus Itself Harbors Obligately Intracellular Bacteria.”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology: 3005-3010.
Egerton-Warburton, L M, J I Querejeta, M F Allen, S L Finkelman. 2005. “Mycorrhizal Fungi”, Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment: 533-542
The Living. 2014. “Hy-Fi”, an installation project at MoMA P.S.1.
Urban Lung - clay printing and CFD
Exploring the potential of passive facade based vertical convection facilitation systems in high-density urban area
UPenn Design Studio 2023.1-2023.5
Site: New York City, NY, United States
Instructor: Robert Stuart-Smith
Co-Instructors: Sophia O'Neill
Collaborators: Yidan Wang, Tinghui Mo, Xinlin Lu
Contribution: Conceptual design, developing, drawings, CFD simulation and design optimization, robotics scripting and fabrication
As urban density increases, sustainable building design is required to reduce energy consumption and mitigate climate impacts. Urbanization has led to the development of densely built-up areas characterized by close spacing of buildings and structures, resulting in a significant reduction in air velocity. Building facade design is essential to sustainable building design as it can significantly influence the microclimate around a building. This research proposes a new method of ceramic facade design, which realizes the passive ventilation based on the building facade. The proposed method involves wind field vectors generated by computational fluid dynamics software and using them as influencing factors for multi-proxy field generation of building facades. The system helps alleviate the problem of weakened airflow in the city. In addition to the energy-saving benefits, the proposed method offers opportunities for sustainable building development. By combining sustainable design principles with aesthetic design, the proposed method provides a promising solution for improving urban streets' comfort and energy saving in a humid subtropical climate.
In the last two decades, designers in the computational design world have increasingly employed agent based models (ABMs) in architectural design and construction. The researchers introduce this concept to delve into more intricate and adaptable art forms and shapes, evolving into the refined term ‘multi-agent systems’. Drawing inspiration from Craig Reynolds Boids algorithm, the authors developed a multi agent design method. This method encodes a series of agents with tasks to design a porous facade screen for manipulating airflow. Our established principles indicate that the wind vector derived from CFD analysis plays a crucial role as a controlling factor in generating the agent field path.
Facade Generation Logic
Prototype Robotic Production Process
Ceilingscape - hot wire cutting and an interactive device
UPenn Design Studio 2022.09-2022.10
Site: Up Gallery, Meyerson Hall, 210 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
Instructor: Andrew Saunders
Co-Instructors: Riley Studebaker, Claire Moriarty
Collaborators: Yidan Wang, Bentian Wang, Jason Tang
Contribution: Conceptual design, developing, drawings, robotics scripting, and fabrication
Ruled geometry can be perfectly suitable for the wire cutter, as it is composed of straight lines that create the illusion of a curve. For our particular sculpture, we tried to extract the characteristic of symmetry and illusion of interaction and infinity from the sculpture that we worked with. When those characteristic were transposed to a foam block, the symmetry were challenged as we play with the interaction between the actual sculpture and the foam block, and also the perception of the geometry happening in the sculpture were successfully delivery onto the foam block to create some interesting interlocking spatial condition with certain depth inside the foam block and some invisible symmetrical condition in minor areas in the foam block. To get these interesting spatial conditions in our foam block, we faced some challenges in the transposing process, as we had to manipulate the area and angle where our sculpture intersected the foam.
CNN image processing
Deep learning, as a type of machine learning and one aspect of artificial intelligence, forms an autonomous system as it will use data science and large datasets, which include statistics and predictive modeling to train algorithms, and allows our computer to learn independently from the sources that we provide. When we worked with CNN, we extracted the spiraling condition and interlocking geometry from our sculpture analysis. CNN delivered a result that demonstrates the idea of depth in a two-dimensional image and also separates the image into several layers that can be defined as foreground and background. Also, the image that CNN created delivers a sense of fabrication and direction of tooling as the image has both flat surface and surface with folds and tooling.
Ceiling
With this CNN model, we decided to push the idea of depth further to form a spatial condition that is similar to what a valley might have. This gives us the chance to manipulate ruled surfaces to surround the center point and pull surfaces away from the center point. By doing so, our ceiling will be mostly constructed with hyperbolic surfaces. However, there are definitely limits in CNN as well. CNN only provides us with a two-dimensional image. The Z-axis is particularly critical in our project as we want to redefine the foreground and background of our ceiling in this project. To overcome this limitation, we decided to come up with a logic that can enforce the depth and height of our geometry in our ceiling.
Our geometries in the ceiling can help us to better hide our sensor for lighting and provide a new way of lighting and interesting shadows. Under the control of arduino, lighting can interact with people.
ROBOTIC CARBON FIBER WEAVING
UPenn Design Studio 2022.11-2022.12
Site: 640 Waterworks Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19130, United States
Instructor: Ezio Blasetti Co-Instructors: Sophia O'Neill, June Yuan
Collaborators: Matthew Ward, Yidan Wang, Yinglei Chen, Sihan Li
Contribution: Conceptual design, development, drawings, robotics scripting, and fabrication
Overall, for this project we only weaved 2D triangles. Given the simple task of this style of weaving, we were able to explore multiple jig assemblies that led to high-production weaving sessions. Jigs were constructed from aluminum bars with 35 points for threaded rods to be inserted as winding posts. The jigs were double sided and we were able to weave up to 10 layers of triangles per weave.
Structural Analysis
As we move closer towards our prototype geometry we assessed the structural performance in multiple ways. First we compared a single tetrahedron under a distributed load versus multiple subdivision arrangements at 2/3 and 1/3 scaling. Below we have arranged visuals of deflection, bending moment and principal stress analyses. As a group we were interested in being able to produce spans of carbon fiber and cantilevered sections under load. Highlighted here are some assessments of these structures arranged as a simple bridge and long cantilever of aggregated and 2/3 and 1/3 scaled tetrahedrons. This analysis is performed as a single closed mesh surface in all cases. In the deflection analysis red obviously represents areas of higher defl ection and higher concentrations of bending moments and stress. Digital Structural Simulation of Component & Algorithmic Assemblies minimum is the structural analysis for studio (part/whole) better do the analysis for each item in the small catalog above
CLOUD COLLEGE
HIT Design Studio 2020.5-2020.7
GUYU CUP International Architecture Design Competition - First Prize
Site: New Territories, Hong Kong, China
Selected drawings are exclusively done by Chunze Li.
Instructor: Lingling Li
Collaborators: Zilin Wan, Xiuquan Zhang
Contribution: Conceptual design, development, technical drawings, and architectural representation
[CUHK - the new era of educational system] In the future society, the machine has replaced most of the human labor in the production system, which leads to the situation that mankind keeping from production, losing life, and even facing the crisis of being replaced in all social status. In order to address this status quo, the education system draws on the traditional college system, combined with the demand for talents, the new era of the educational system, which emphasizes people‘s creativity and global leadership, and created “Cloud College" in the Chinese University of Hongkong. The new educational system requires new educational buildings. It should be confirmed to develop rapidly in Hong Kong’s urban development and public green space. We propose vertical development strategies to borrow the college group space syntax, organize IDEA + / TECH + / DATA + three functional districts in high-rise buildings, and design to cultivate human leaders in the productive forces .
We used the Galapagos plugin and a genetic algorithm to optimize the positional relationship between blocks and slabs, with the building's annual energy consumption as the target.
1: Structure core: core tube + truss.
The hierarchical structure system guarantees the independence between the functional blocks, and also guarantees the normal use of other parts in the process of building renovation and addition. Realize the future renovation and addition of buildings, and undertake a series of functions such as transportation and equipment.
2: Hoisting structure strategy within the volume
The hoisting structural system reduces the requirements for stability construction and provides the possibility of space transformation and utilization during use. Realize the transformation and utilization of the space in the block. It may be combined with the opening and closing facade to release the drone.
3: Electronic waste recycling processing tank
E-waste is processed in a centralized manner, and drones are used to form services for the intelligent resource recycling system.
4: Three-layer skin reduces cooling energy consumption
The facade shading board solves the glare problem, a nd at the same time forms a passive thermal insulation space with the inner and outer double glass, which reduces the cooling energy consumption in summer and saves energy. Contribute to the formation of passive thermal insulation for buildings, while solving glare and required sunlight problems.
5: Roof Garden-Rainwater Recovery System
The structural layer is used to create aerial greenery and, at the same time, serve the rainwater recovery system.
[Cloud Discussion Room]
The facade shading board solves the glare problem, and at the same time provide an open environment for lectures, which is open to all sectors of society. Shading plate contribute to the formation of passive thermal insulation for buildings, while providing help to reduce air conditioning energy consumption.
[Cloud Flying Platform]
The hoisting structural system reduces the requirements for stability construction, and provides the possibility of space transformation and utilization during use. The curtain wall and shading board can be folded and opened, so it may be combined with the opening and closing facade to release the drone.
HUTONG SITTING ROOM
CADG Summer Studio
2021.7-2021.8Site: Beijing, China
Instructor: Zhaohui Wu
Individual Work
[ANCIENT CAPITAL STYLE – still for living]
The scope of this project is Yude Hutong in Pinganli area, which belongs to the "Ancient Capital Style and Features Protection Area". Public space is the basic attribute of Hutong. In the existing Hutong space, public activities are very abundant. There is no need to re-plan community life, but to provide topics and places for public activities. The demolition of the wall opens the enclosed courtyard, while the retention of the door, electric meter, and other components realize the superposition of time and space scenes so that the development history of the courtyard is revealed. At the same time, the preservation of various objects also provides the possibility for future residents' independent transformation. The information of each period remains on the architectural entity, which brings the overlapping of architectural time and space scenes. The cohabitation of public and private scenes also provides residents with the superimposed gain of public and private rights. Greening is not only to play the role of green protection and landscape. In the public and private life of the community, greening plays an important role. For many elderly people, cultivating plants is a signifi cant part of their leisure life. The site is located in the Pinganli area within the second ring road of Beijing, which is a traditional historical district. The base not only preserves the traditional courtyard house but also has newly built high-rise buildings, presenting a completely diff erent scene on the plan and the elevation
Site Research
In the bungalow area on the west side of the hutong, a very vivid life scene has been formed through the transformation and participation of residents on the public facade of the building. Various buildings and additional small components on the pavement are the main objects I observed. They refl ect the various details of residents' lives. There are intersections on both sides of the roadway leading to the construction site of the subway station. The deepest point leads to an existing yard.
On the simple masonry wall, various components used by the residents create the intention of the entrance, which is extremely confusing. The structure is composed of an iron frame and the electric meter is placed at the top of the door, which not only functions as an electric meter but also marks the entrance. At the same time, it seems to tell us that inside this door is a large courtyard with many residents, but the current facts are no longer the case. The iron frame is distinguished from the electric meter as a supporting structure, reflecting the clear construction ideas between diff erent components.
Concerning the basic structure of the house, the residents, through the addition of various functions, fi nally formed a well-founded, cluttered and undisciplined public facade image. Residents have fully satisfi ed and expressed their pursuit of quality of life under limited conditions. Every small object used has its clear function behind it. There is no superfl uous thing, and every element added has its characteristics. There are some unreasonable places, such as leaks in air-conditioning water pipes, but they are all controlled within acceptable limits. In short, it can be seen from the rationality of the public facade configuration that the residents have extremely clear design goals and strong control over materials.
LIFE SCENE
The grandmother of the household said that her life has become very comfortable after the demolition. The residents of the original courtyard moved to the upper fl oors of the Lugou Bridge area due to the construction of the subway station. A stove was set up under the shelf as kitchen. She grow flowers and raise animals in the courtyard.
Private:
Close the door is a private garden. The one on the left was originally a large courtyard with 12 households but was demolished due to the construction of the subway station. Now the one on the right will use the scaff olding inside, and the middle and right two are bedrooms. The door on the left was originally the courtyard door, but now it serves as the door of this household, and the door on the right is not used. The gate of the courtyard was originally made of red wood and covered with red iron. After the demolition, there was a damaged ring on the right side, the construction team replaced the blue iron door for the residents, and the left one was retained and fi xed, and no longer opened.
Public:
Opening the door is like a corner park . The garden was originally a yard and was originally a part of the public space. Because the demolition activities were occupied by individual households, it was not a normal way to use it. In the exchange, it was found that the residents did not necessarily have the willingness to close the occupancy. The former courtyard has a neighborhood supervision mechanism to ensure safety. But now the bedroom of the residents directly opens the door to the garden. If the garden becomes a public place, it will affect the safety of the residents.
AXONOMETRIC DRAWING
THE EVOLUTION OF THE PLAN
To abandon the way of handling the door to deal with public-private relations, I remove the wall to open the garden without forming a dark corner in front of the residents. Keeping wooden doors, electric meters, and other components and fi xing them with a steel frame form an open community park. I use sunlight panels that are commonly used by residents for certain shades.
Meilin Wang, Hang Ma, Xing Zheng, Yi Zhang, Chunze Li, Pengyuan Shen, Multi-objective optimization of urban block morphology for thermal comfort and air quality: An integrated CFD-machine learning framework, Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 134, 2025, 106921, ISSN 2210-6707, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106921.
EDUCATION
Aug.2022-May.2023
Aug.2022-May.2023
Aug.2017-Jun.2022
Mar.2019-Jul.
2019
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
Dec.2023-Present
Aug.2023-Oct.2023
Jul.2021-Oct.2021
Jul.2020-Aug.2020
ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE
2020
2018
2018
2018
ACTIVITIES
Nov.2024
Oct.2022
Dec.2021
DIVERSITY AWARDS
2020
2020
2020
2018
PUBLICATION
2020
2018
2018
2018
ACTIVITIES
Nov.2024
Oct.2022
Dec.2021
DIVERSITY AWARDS
2020
2020
2020
2018
PUBLICATION
SKILLS
Weitzman School of Design, University of Pennsylvania
Robotics and Autonomous Systems [MSD-RAS], Philadelphia, PA, U.S
Focus: Computational design, robotic fabrication, material-informed design
School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology
BArch, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
School of Architecture, Tamkang University
Exchange Program, spring 2019, New Taipei City, Taiwan, China
Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China (Lab Engineer)
Support students' digital fabrication projects with CNC and 3D printing
Develop and maintain additive manufacturing equipment
Organize lab-based material tests and documentation
Lab tutoring and the Institute’s lab safety management
Institute financial management and equipment procurement
China Architecture Design & Research Group (CADG), Beijing, China (Junior Architect)
Projects: Hangzhou Renhe South Railway Station Commercial Complex,
Zhejiang Lanxi Ancient Town, Sanya Banyan Tree Hotel,
Xi'an Digital Manufacturing Industrial Park
China Architecture Design & Research Group (CADG), Beijing, China (intern)
Projects: Zhujiang Badi Beer Cultural and Creative Park,
Tarim University Gymnasium,
Lintong Urban Design
Shouheng Architectural Design Office, Shenzhen, China (intern)
Project: Shenzhen Natural History Museum
GUYU CUP International Architecture Design Competition
First Prize
2018 Tongji University International Construction Festival
Second Prize, Shanghai, China
2018 HIT International Ice and Snow Building Festival
First Prize, Harbin, China
award of 2018 global capstone design fair
Participation Prize, Seoul, Korea
2024 Slush conference
Volunteer, Helsinki, Finland
2022 ACADIA conference
Student Volunteer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
2021 Computational Design Symposium and the Annual Conference of the Computational Design Academic Committee of the Architectural Society of China
Student Representative, Shenzhen, China
The 12th National Advertising Art Design Competition for College Students
Excellence Award
Heilongjiang Province College Advertising Design and Innovation Competition
Third Prize
The 13th Higher Education Cup National College Students Advanced Drawing Technology and Product Information Modeling Innovation Contest
First Prize of Architectural Drawing Basic Knowledge, Second prize of architectural scale drawing
Harbin Institute of Technology freshman year project
Second prize for thesis< Study on thermal environment design of campus learning space in cold region based on neurobehavioral test >
X. Lu, C. Li, T. Mo and Y. Wang, "Urban Lung: Exploring The Potential of Passive Facade-integrated Vertical Convection Facilitation Systems with Architectural Ceramic in High-Density Urban Environments," 2024 Annual Modeling and Simulation Conference (ANNSIM), Washington, D.C., DC, USA, 2024, pp. 1-11, doi: 10.23919/ANNSIM61499.2024.10732592. https://annsim.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ANNSIM2024_155_Paper.pdf
Grasshopper (advanced)
Rhino (advanced)
Python (intermediate)
CNC milling 3D printing (FFF, SLA)
Robotic arm programming (ABB)
Computational Design
Computational Modeling & Simulation
Digital Fabrication
Electronics & Prototyping
Materials & Processes
Supporting Skills
Programming & Scripting
Python (general scripting, rhino modeling)
Parametric & Algorithmic Design
Rhino + Grasshopper
Grasshopper plug-ins:
o Galapagos / Wallacei (evolutionary optimization)
o Ladybug / Honeybee (environmental simulation)
o Lunchbox, Human, Weaverbird (geometry manipulation)
Structural simulation (Karamba3D)
CFD basics (Butterfly, Autodesk CFD)
Agent-based modeling (e.g., Boids, Swarm intelligence in Grasshopper)
Visualization & Interactivity
Unity
3D Printing & Additive Manufacturing
FDM 3D printing (e.g., Ultimaker, Creality, Raise3D)
SLA/DLP resin printing
Robotic/large-scale 3D printing (cement, clay, biocomposites)
Slicer software (Cura, Grasshopper-based slicers)
Subtractive Manufacturing
CNC milling (3-axis, 5-axis machining)
Laser cutting & engraving
Robotics & Automation
Industrial robotic arms (KUKA, ABB, UR)
End effector design and customization
Motion planning and toolpath generation
Arduino / Raspberry Pi
Sensors & actuators integration
Digital fabrication with plywood, timber, metal, composites, and bio-based materials
Hybrid workflows (3D printing + milling + manual finishing)
CAD/BIM platforms: Rhino, AutoCAD, Revit
Workflow automation & pipeline integration